| Bolma rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767) |
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Azores, Madeira and lusitanian seamounts to Canarias, Cantabrian Sea (Petit de La Saussaye, 1869), Portugal, Mediterranean. The species lives on rocky or silty bottoms, around brown algae such as Cladostephus spongiosus, in Posidonia meadows and also in coralligen, from the surface (rare), or more commonmy 3m deep, down to the low circalittoral. Grazer and deposit feeder.
Original taxon: Turbo rugosus. Synonym: solaris.
4m deep, on big table rock covered with algae, La Madrague des Lecques, Provence, S. France. 60mm. |
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| Renecros Beach, outer side of breakwater, on rocks in splash zone, Bandol, Provence. 33mm. |
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A specimen pictured at 40m deep, west of Santa Marinella, south of Civitavecchia, Lazio, W. Italy. Original picture provided by L. Tringali for inaturalist.org – (CC BY-NC). The deeper the animal lives, the less encrusted its shell is. |
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40-50m deep, off Castel Vieil, west of Cassis, Provence. 47mm.
This specimen came with no encrustations. |
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| Same golden variant, pictured in L. C. Kiener: Spécies général et iconographie des coquilles vivantes vol. IV, Turbo pl.15. |
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A specimen from the lower part of the depth range: Banco Avventura, canale di Sicilia, at about 110m deep.
Original pictures provided by E. del Fiero (IT).
– (CC BY-NC-SA) – R. Bertolino legit (IT). |
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120m deep, Banco Avventura.
Original pictures provided by E. del Fiero (IT).
– (CC BY-NC-SA) – R. Bertolino legit (IT). |
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| The Fausse raboteuse, plate IX fig.O, in A.-J. Dézallier d’Argenville: La conchyliologie… tome III, via BHL. |
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Green specimens found at 2m deep, on granitic rocks, feeding on algae, on the southern side of Punta di Spanu, Lumio, Calvi, W. Corsica. 52-54mm. |
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| Young specimen collected at 6m deep, on rock, in a sheltered area protected by reefs, west of the small harbour of Ferma, east of Ierápetra, SE. Crete. 26mm. |
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| Young specimen nested on rock at Cala Viuda, south of the Punta del Milà, Montgó, Girona, Catalunya, NE. Spain. Original picture provided by B. Garrigós for iNaturalist – (CC BY-NC). |
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| 2-3m deep, on large rocks on southern shore of Elounda peninsula, 1km east of Elounda channel, Kolpos Mirabellou, N. Crete. 32-38mm. |
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| Same spot. 35mm. |
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| Extreme juvenile specimens found in grit at 33m deep, Secche di Tor Paterno, off Torvajanica, Roma, Lazio. 1,5-3,5mm. |
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| An other juvenile, from 50m deep, detritic bottom with coral debris, Scilla, Calabria, Messina Strait, SW. Italy. 3mm. |
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| 7-8m deep, on rocks, Červar, Istarska Zupanija, NW. Croatia. 42mm. |
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| Turbo rugosus in J. G. Hidalgo: Moluscos marinos de España, Portugal y las Baleares, Madrid 1870. |
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| Animal mottled brown. Arnette Cove, Carro, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence, S. France. Original picture provided by slebris for gbif.org – (CC BY-NC). |