Shell small to moderately large, characterized by a very little spire almost completely sunken in a gigantic last whorl, and calloused over; the shape is ovate-oblong, more or less rhomboidal; the aperture is narrow, bordered by a thick labrum, and provided with numerous teeth on both sides. The columella itself is serrate internally, and presents, like in the Ovulidae, a fossula. The anterior and posterior terminals are almost always reduced, but sometimes show some rostration. The dorsum is enameled, often adorned with colourful patterns, and, in some species, longitudinally traversed by a line of different colour, resulting from the meeting of the two lobes of the mantle.
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Erronea Troschel, 1863:Shell small to medium-sized, in which the labial teeth, strongly marked, reach over the labrum (Troschel 1863, Kobelt 1876). « Aperture usually widening anteriorly Columellar teeth distinctly thickened in that area. Labral teeth strong and usually rather short. Dorsum usually finely frecked, often with a central blotch. About the presence of E. caurica in Mediterranean, there are just very little to add to the general knowledge, except the fact that there aren’t reliable data about it in the last decades. » – B. J. Muñoz Sánchez p.c. |
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Luria Jousseaume, 1884:Jousseaume was fond of creating tautonyms; for example, he established a new genus for Cypraea tessellata Swainson: the genus Tessellata. Unfortunately, Tessellata tessellata did not resist the reality, and Tessellata is nowadays included in Luria (a genus created for Cypraea lurida Linnaeus, which is displayed hereunder). « Elongate-oval shells, with short, well-developed, often very fine teeth (e.g. isabella). No dorsal pattern, but occasionally black streaks on margins, base or dorsum (e.g. cinerea); tip blotched or tinted darker. Planktonic development. » – B. J. Muñoz Sánchez p.c. |
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Naria Gray, 1837:All the species included in the genus formerly known as “Erosaria” are, according to Lorenz and Meyer, now placed into the genus Naria, which was previously created in order to contain a single species: the type-species irrorata Gray, 1828. The fact is as follows: Naria was created in the first place, so, according to DNA analysis, there is a simple priority in terms of rules of ICZN of appyling the use of this genus instead of the genus Erosaria for the species related to the type – by the way, a shell conchologically extreme. Then, Erosaria is no longer used, at least officially. Nowadays, the genus Naria comprises several groups of similar, related species that can be recognized after certain features. In Mediterranean, two groups are present at this time: • The Paulonaria group gathers very small to medium-sized, elongate to oval species; columellar teeth fine, sometimes connected to each other through a ridge of callus, anteriorly; base pale; dorsum with discrete white spots, often with larger eyespots. Naria spurca belongs to this group. • Regarding turdus, it is its own group: shell medium-sized, depressed, oval in shape; base white; aperture wide; marginal pitting reduced; dorsum covered with brown spots, never white, never ocellated. – B. J. Muñoz Sánchez p.c. |
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Palmadusta Iredale, 1930:
Shell small to medium-sized, pyriform to oval in shape. Spire umbilicate. Protoconch multispiral. Teeth short, well produced, rarely extending onto the base. Fossula striated. Aperture narrow. According to B. J. Muñoz Sánchez, « The dorsum usually displays primary banding often blotched, or covered with small, dak spots. Mantle often bright red or black, mantle edges often enhanced with contrasting colour. Some species autotomize. All species of the genus live in shallow water, rarely inhabiting deeper water. The subdivision into conchologically similar groups is not supported by DNA study. According to research, the genus Palmadusta is closely related to Ovatipsa, Talostolida and Cribrarula. […] Reported Lessepsian species in the Mediterranean: Palmadusta lentiginosa (gray, 1824). Israel. Probably scattered populations alongside the lebanese and SE. turkish coast (to be confirmed). It looks more typically the P. lentiginosa from Pakistan and India and definitely not the Red Sea P. lentiginosa dancalica (Jonklass & Nicolay, 1977). » |
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Purpuradusta Schilder, 1939:Shell very small to small, elongate, cylindrical, « with rounded posterior extremity and conspicuous, darker protoconch. Aperture usually widening anteriorly. Teeth fine, becoming thicker anteriorly on the columellar side, where there are always restricted to the aperture. Dorsum usually banded, spoted or rarely netted. » – B. J. Muñoz Sánchez p.c. |
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Schilderina Dolin & Aguerre, 2020:This genus comprises one living species only. « Shell medium-sized, pyriform, inflated; teeth weakly produced and often fading at midsection on columellar side; fossula long, slightly projecting, denticulate, fossular gap shallow; dorsum mottled, often with a blotch above the spire; margins sparsely spotted in some fossil species. » – B. J. Muñoz Sánchez p.c. |
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Zonaria Jousseaume, 1884:« Shell small to medium in size, elongate-oval to pyriform in shape; spire rather flat; extremities short and rounded; fossula flat and indistinctly denticulate; teeth well produced and widely spaced; terminal ridge rather broad; dorsum with irregular, interrupted banding, darker mottled. » – B. J. Muñoz Sánchez p.c. |
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